Laboratorio m?vil al alcance en el ?rea de ciencias naturales y educaci?n ambiental con los estudiantes del ciclo II del colegio andino San Nicolas

90 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto laboratorio m?vil al alcance promueve el aprendizaje significativo de las clases de ciencias naturales, su principal objetivo es brindar al educando herramientas que le permitan tener un ?ptimo aprendizaje. Para definir su estructura y objetivos se realizaron observaciones en el colegio Andino San Nicol?s, ubicado al suroccidente del municipio de Soacha (Cundinamarca), comuna 1. Durante la ejecuci?n de clases de ciencias naturales se evidencio la realizaci?n de clases tradicionales, identificando la necesidad de implementar una herramienta l?dica, un laboratorio que pueda ser trasladado. Para dar respuesta a la pregunta problema, se estableci? que el tipo de investigaci?n en la cual se basara el proyecto es el I.A.P (investigaci?n por acci?n participativa) que permite la interacci?n de dos procesos, el de conocer y el de actuar. Se dise?ara un manual de laboratorio para la utilizaci?n adecuada de los recursos, en este caso m?vil, se dise?a e implementa con una cartilla que explica cada experimento propuesto, interactuando con tres personajes llamados: Paola, Andrea y Luis, autores del proyecto. En los estudiantes el Laboratorio gener? sorpresa y curiosidad su dise?o m?vil les hizo preguntarse: ?Qu? era la caja en forma de casa?, ?Por qu? un laboratorio m?vil?, ?Qu? hay dentro de la caja en forma de casa?; les asombro el uso de materiales comunes que suelen desecharse , con estos se realiza una clase l?dica, la cartilla y sus personajes despertaron su esp?ritu cient?fico, permitiendo el cumplimiento del objetivo del proyecto. Palabras clave: laboratorio m?vil, aprendizaje significativo, I.A.P, din?mica, l?dica.The mobile accessible laboratory project promotes meaningful learning of natural science classes, its main objective is to provide the learner with tools that allow him to have an optimal learning. In order to define its structure and objectives, observations were made at Andino San Nicolas College, located at the southwest of the municipality of Soacha (Cundinamarca), commune 1. During the execution of natural science classes, the realization of traditional classes was evidenced, identifying the need to implement a playful tool, a laboratory that can be transferred. In order to answer the problem question, it was established that the type of research on which the project was based is the I.A.P (participatory action research) that allows the interaction of two processes, that of knowing and acting. A laboratory manual will be designed for the proper use of resources, in this mobile case, it is designed and implemented with a primer explaining each experiment proposed, interacting with three characters called: Paola, Andrea and Luis, authors of the project. In the students the Laboratory generated surprise and curiosity, their mobile design made them wonder: What was the box in the form of a house?, Why a mobile laboratory?, What is inside the box in the form of a house?; I am amazed at the use of common materials that are often discarded, with these a playful class is done, the primer and its characters awakened their scientific spirit, allowing the fulfillment of the project objective. Keywords: mobile laboratory, meaningful learning, I.A.P, dynamic, play

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Anandamide suppressess pain initiation through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism

none15sìPeripheral cannabinoid receptors exert a powerful inhibitory control over pain initiation, but the endocannabinoid signal that normally engages this intrinsic analgesic mechanism is unknown. To address this question, we developed a peripherally restricted inhibitor (URB937) of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide. URB937 suppressed FAAH activity and increased anandamide levels outside the rodent CNS. Despite its inability to access brain and spinal cord, URB937 attenuated behavioral responses indicative of persistent pain in rodent models of peripheral nerve injury and inflammation and prevented noxious stimulus–evoked neuronal activation in spinal cord regions implicated in nociceptive processing. CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade prevented these effects. These results suggest that anandamide-mediated signaling at peripheral CB1 receptors controls the access of pain-related inputs to the CNS. Brain-impenetrant FAAH inhibitors, which strengthen this gating mechanism, might offer a new approach to pain therapy.restrictedCLAPPER JR; MORENO-SANZ G; RUSSO R; GUIJARRO A; VACONDIO F; DURANTI A; TONTINI A; SANCHINI S; SCIOLINO NR; SPRADLEY JM; HOHMANN AG; CALIGNANO A; MOR M; TARZIA G; PIOMELLI DClapper, Jr; MORENO SANZ, G; Russo, R; Guijarro, A; Vacondio, F; Duranti, Andrea; Tontini, Andrea; Sanchini, Silvano; Sciolino, Nr; Spradley, Jm; Hohmann, Ag; Calignano, A; Mor, M; Tarzia, Giorgio; Piomelli, D

Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of O

The peripherally restricted fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB937 (3, cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3′-carbamoyl-6-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl ester) is extruded from the brain and spinal cord by the Abcg2 efflux transporter. Despite its inability to enter the central nervous system (CNS), 3 exerts profound antinociceptive effects in mice and rats, which result from the inhibition of FAAH in peripheral tissues and the consequent enhancement of anandamide signaling at CB1 cannabinoid receptors localized on sensory nerve endings. In the present study, we examined the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the biphenyl region of compound 3, focusing on the carbamoyl and hydroxyl groups in the distal and proximal phenyl rings. Our SAR studies generated a new series of peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitors and identified compound 35 (cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3′-carbamoyl-5- hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl ester) as the most potent brain-impermeant FAAH inhibitor disclosed to date